Prompt: Rules of interaction dictate the properties of the system.
Examples:
- DNA + proteins + biochemistry individually are “dead”, together with rules of the system (transcription factors, signaling pathways) they become “living”.
- Individual cells are “dumb” but interactions between them give rise to “smart” multicellular organisms.
- Individual immune cells are “dumb” but groups of them give rise to a complex system that keeps us alive (2021_Dettmer).
- Multicellular organisms are “dumb” but groups of multicellular organisms that much smarter (example, ants, termites, humans)